Maria Richards
A strong inflammatory response to myelin sheath antigens characterises the autoimmune disease known as Multiple Sclerosis (MS), which results in the activation of astrocytes and microglia and demyelination of the Central Nervous System (CNS). In autoimmune disorders like MS and the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, the immune response is known to be influenced by a variety of genetic predispositions and environmental factors. Although the risk of developing MS appears to be multifaceted, pregnancy is a particularly vulnerable time due to variables that affect the CNS and immune system's development and differentiation, increasing the risk of MS in the foetus. In this context, there is evidence that a lack of thyroid hormone during pregnancy, such as hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia, may raise a person's risk of developing autoimmune illnesses like Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The importance of the gestational era for the emergence of MS in adulthood is covered in this paper.